CBEN 409 – Petroleum Refining

Presentations

Introduction

• EXTERNAL: Energy consumption diagram (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory)
• EXTERNAL: How Stuff Works – How Oil Refining Works
• EXTERNAL: AFPM – The refinery process

Refinery Feedstocks & Products (Chapters 2 & 3)

• Summary of Correlations
• Crude oil assays:
  • Crude oil assays from various oil companies
    • EXTERNAL: Capline crude oil assays
    • EXTERNAL: Chevron crude oil assays (assays not currently published)
    • EXTERNAL: BP crude oil assays
    • EXTERNAL: ExxonMobil crude oil assays
    • EXTERNAL: Poseidon Crude Oil
    • EXTERNAL: Equinor (formerly Statoil) crude oil assays
    • EXTERNAL: Total crude oil assays
  • EXTERNAL: Strategic Petroleum Reserve Crude Oil Assays
  • EXTERNAL: Crude oil assays at the Environmental Technology Centre web page
  • EXTERNAL: Canadian crude oils summarized at crudemonitor.ca maintained by Crude Quality, Inc.
• EXTERNAL: How Stuff Works — Gasoline & Diesel engines

Crude Oil Distillation (Chapter 4)

• Simulation of atmospheric & vacuum units
  • Simulation using Aspen Plus
  • Simulation using Aspen HYSYS
• EXTERNAL: Discussion of column internals at separation.com

Bottom of the Barrel Processing: Coking & Thermal Processes, Hydroprocessing, & Solvent Deasphalting (Chapters 5 & 8)

Coking (Chapter 5)

• EXTERNAL: Delayed Coker Communications Forum
• Paul Ellis & Chris Paul, Great Lakes Carbon, “Tutorial: Delayed Coking Fundamentals” (Local copy)

Catalytic Cracking (Chapter 6)

Hydroprocessing: Hydrocracking & Hydrotreating (Chapters 7 & 9)

Gasoline Upgrading: Reforming, Isomerization, & Alkylation (Chapters 10 & 11)

Supporting Processes – Hydrogen & Sulfur Pathway (Chapter 13)

Blending & Optimization (Chapters 12 & 14)

Future? New feedstock sources, government mandates, CCS, renewable fuels ..

• EXTERNAL: EPA’s 2016 Renewable Fuel Standard data
• EXTERNAL: U.S. Billion-Ton Update (2016)

Extra Instructor Notes

Simulation

Introduction to simulation of atmospheric & vacuum units

• Simulation using Aspen Plus (v8.6)
• Simulation using Aspen HYSYS (v10)

VBA Code

VBA (Visual Basic for Applications) code embedded in Excel XLS-formatted spreadsheets. The modules can be extracted and/or copied to other spreadsheets.

• Vapor pressure vs. temperature (Maxwell-Bonnell correlation)
• Estimated properties for petroleum fractions: molecular weight, critical pressure & temperature, gross & net heating values
• Linear interpolation & spline interpolation
• Interpolation of distillation curves internally using the probability function transformation of yield values. Code allows this to be done using linear interpolation or spline interpolation (on a temperature vs. transformed yield basis).
  • Further instructions on how to use the interpolation macros.

The use of the VBA code is potentially limited depending upon which version of Microsoft Excel one is using.

• The code was originally developed to run with Excel 2000. It has been tested & it runs properly with Excel 2007, 2010, 2013, & 2016. Here are notes to incorporate the VBA macros into an Excel 2010 spreadsheet. Below are other sites that describe what needs to be done to allow the macros to work.
  • http://support.microsoft.com/kb/919195
  • http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/how-to-set-the-macro-security-level-in-excel-2007.html#comments
• If you are using a version of Excel (or some other spreadsheet) that cannot run these macros then here is a sample spreadsheet for doing the interpolation calculations without requiring macros (the user will have to be careful to copy cells with formulas as necessary). There are separate sheets for linear interpolation (arbitrary X & Y values) and interpolation of cumulative yield data (°F vs. yield%).